Fibroids and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are two common conditions that affect women’s reproductive health. While both may cause irregular periods, discomfort, or fertility-related challenges, they are fundamentally different in their causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Understanding the differences between fibroids and PCOS is essential for early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and better long-term health outcomes.

What Are Fibroids

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They vary in size from small nodules to large masses that can distort the uterus. Many women may have fibroids without symptoms, but others might experience significant discomfort depending on their number, size, and location.

Common Symptoms of Fibroids

Fibroid symptoms often include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pressure or pain
• Frequent urination due to pressure on the bladder
• Painful intercourse
• Difficulty conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy

Fibroids are usually diagnosed through ultrasound or pelvic examination, and treatment depends on symptom severity and future fertility plans.

What Is PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects how the ovaries function. Women with PCOS typically have irregular menstrual cycles, excessive androgen (male hormone) levels, and multiple small cysts in their ovaries. PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility and is also linked to metabolic issues.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS symptoms may include:

• Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
• Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
• Acne or oily skin
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Insulin resistance
• Thinning hair or hair loss

PCOS is diagnosed through blood tests, physical examination, and ultrasound imaging. Long-term management focuses on balancing hormones and improving metabolic health.

Key Differences Between Fibroids and PCOS

While both conditions affect women’s reproductive systems, they differ significantly:

1. Cause and Nature of the Condition

Fibroids are structural growths in the uterus, whereas PCOS is a hormonal imbalance affecting the ovaries. Fibroids are physical masses, while PCOS involves disrupted hormone production and ovulation problems.

2. Menstrual Cycle Changes

Fibroids often cause heavy, painful periods, while PCOS usually leads to irregular or missed periods. Women with PCOS may go months without menstruation.

3. Fertility Impact

Fibroids may block the fallopian tubes or interfere with embryo implantation. PCOS affects ovulation itself, making it difficult to release eggs regularly. Both conditions can cause infertility but through different mechanisms.

Which Condition Do You Have

If you experience heavy bleeding, pelvic pressure, or consistent pelvic pain, fibroids may be the cause. If your concern is irregular periods, hormonal changes, or weight gain, PCOS might be the more likely diagnosis. However, only a qualified gynecologist can confirm this through proper evaluation, imaging, and laboratory tests.

Early diagnosis ensures timely and effective treatment, improving reproductive health and overall well-being.

For accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment, and expert women’s health care, Dr. Preeti Tandon provides the best services to support your journey toward hormonal balance and wellness.