Understanding PCOS: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age — yet, many remain undiagnosed or misinformed. It can affect your complexion, weight, emotions, and long-term health in addition to your menstrual cycle and fertility.

As a leading expert in women’s health, Dr. Preeti Tandon explains what PCOS is, its root causes, symptoms to watch for, and the most effective treatments available today.

What Is PCOS?

Women with PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) have ovaries that overproduce androgens, or male hormones, and frequently do not release eggs on a regular basis. This leads to irregular periods, cysts in the ovaries, and a range of symptoms affecting metabolism, appearance, and fertility.

Contrary to its name, PCOS does not require cysts. On an ultrasound, many women with the disease do not have any visible cysts.

What Causes PCOS?

Although the precise cause of PCOS is still unknown, a number of factors are thought to be involved:

1. Hormonal Imbalance

Ovulation is disrupted by the higher-than-normal levels of androgens (testosterone) produced by women with PCOS.

2. Insulin Resistance

The hormone insulin, which aids in blood sugar regulation, is resistant in many PCOS-afflicted women. Increased androgen synthesis in the ovaries and weight gain are two consequences of elevated insulin levels.

3. Genetics

PCOS tends to run in families. You have a higher chance of getting PCOS if your mother or sibling has it.

4. Low-Grade Inflammation

Some women may have high androgen levels due to chronic low-grade inflammation in their bodies.

Symptoms of PCOS: What to Watch For

PCOS presents differently in every woman, but the most common symptoms include:

• Irregular periods or no periods at all
• Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
• Acne and oily skin
• Weight gain, especially around the belly
• Hair loss or thinning on the scalp
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Skin spots that are dark, particularly on the neck or underarms
• Mood swings, anxiety, or depression

For an accurate diagnosis and course of treatment, it's critical to speak with a women's health specialist like Dr. Preeti Tandon if you encounter multiple of these symptoms.

How Is PCOS Diagnosed?

There’s no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis is typically based on:

• Medical history & symptoms
• Physical exam
• Hormonal blood tests
• Using a pelvic ultrasound to look for enlarged ovaries or ovarian cysts

To confirm PCOS, at least two of the following must be present:

• Irregular or absent ovulation
• High androgen levels
• Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound

Treatment Options for PCOS

Although there isn't a single treatment for PCOS, it can be efficiently controlled with medicine, hormonal therapy, and lifestyle modifications.

1. Lifestyle Modifications

• Weight loss: Restoring ovulation and alleviating symptoms can be achieved by losing even 5–10% of body weight.
• Diet: A low-GI, well-balanced diet aids in insulin and blood sugar regulation.
• Exercise: Regular workouts improve insulin sensitivity and aid in weight control.

2. Medications

• Birth control pills: Lower testosterone levels and help control periods.
• Metformin: Often prescribed to improve insulin resistance.
• Fertility medications: To aid with ovulation, try letrozole or clomiphene.
• Anti-androgens: To reduce hair growth and acne.

3. Advanced Treatments

• Laparoscopic ovarian drilling: A surgical option for those who don’t respond to medication.
• IVF (In Vitro Fertilization): for ladies who have PCOS-related infertility.

At Dr. Preeti Tandon’s clinic, every patient receives a personalized treatment plan tailored to her symptoms, fertility goals, and hormonal profile.

Living with PCOS: Long-Term Health Risks

Untreated PCOS can increase the risk of:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Endometrial cancer
• Depression and anxiety

That’s why early diagnosis and long-term monitoring are key to living a healthy, balanced life with PCOS.

Conclusion

PCOS can be challenging — but with the right care, support, and lifestyle adjustments, it’s absolutely manageable. Don't disregard recurring symptoms such as acne, weight gain, or irregular periods. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve fertility, energy, and overall well-being.

If you're concerned about PCOS or related symptoms, book a consultation with Dr. Preeti Tandon today. As a trusted expert in hormonal and reproductive health, she’s here to help you reclaim your health and confidence.